Separate Facts from Recommendations

Make evidence and judgment visibly distinct.

The reading problem

Make evidence and judgment visibly distinct.

A concrete example

“Attendance fell at the last session” is a reported observation. “Move the next session later” is a proposal. Combining them as “Attendance proves we must move later” hides alternative explanations.

Try this edit

Use two subheadings: “What we know” and “What we suggest.” Under the first, record only traceable facts. Under the second, explain the trade-off and label uncertainty.

Proof on the page

In a one-page session brief, put the attendance count and its source under “What we observed.” Put “Try a later start time” under “Proposal,” followed by why it might help and what it might cost. Read the page with the proposal section covered; the remaining facts should still be understandable. Then cover the fact section; the proposal should still be recognizably a judgment.

Where the method stops

A measured fall in attendance does not reveal its cause. Weather, promotion, timing, or a one-off event might explain it. Do not claim the proposed change is proven by a single observation. Name what evidence you would want next and avoid a graphic treatment that gives the recommendation the visual authority of a verified fact.

One final check

If the source of an observation is a memory rather than a record, label it that way. Visual separation cannot turn an unverified recollection into evidence.

Primary reading

These W3C sources inform the general method; they do not certify this guide or your document.